中国海-西太平洋地区典型剖面的重-磁-震联合反演研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

张正一  范建柯  白永良  董冬冬 《地球物理学报》2018,61(7):2871-2891

重-磁-震联合反演是获取地壳结构的重要方法.此次研究，我们主要基于全球最新的水深、重磁异常、沉积物厚度等数据，结合实测地震数据和前人研究成果，分析了中国海-西太平洋地区的莫霍面展布特征，并利用重磁震联合反演方法获得了跨越中国海-西太平洋典型剖面的地壳结构和异常体分布，揭示了陆壳到洋壳的典型变化规律.结果表明，从浙江地区到马里亚纳俯冲带，地壳结构大致呈现由厚到薄、由老到新、由复杂到简单的特征.浙江地区（扬子块体和华夏块体）地壳结构复杂，三层结构明显，地壳内断裂带发育，并伴有广泛的岩浆侵入；东海地区莫霍面起伏剧烈，地壳厚度变化较大，冲绳海槽地壳明显减薄，是其过渡壳性质的体现；西菲律宾海盆、九州-帕劳海脊、帕里西维拉海盆、马里亚纳俯冲带等构造单元地壳结构相对简单，二层结构明显.其中，西菲律宾海盆和帕里西维拉海盆地壳内部磁异常变化较为剧烈，海盆扩张过程中形成的磁异常体分布广泛，地壳厚度（5~8 km）明显小于陆壳；九州-帕劳海脊地壳厚度可达~20 km，缺失中地壳，表现为岛弧地壳结构；同源的西马里亚纳岛弧和东马里亚纳火山弧地壳结构相似，浅层磁异常体分布广泛，西马里亚纳岛弧地壳厚度（~17 km）略小于东马里亚纳火山弧（~20 km），体现了裂离的不对称性；马里亚纳海槽具有正常的洋壳结构（~7 km），但扩张中心未发生明显破裂.对比各构造单元地壳结构的异同点，我们进一步认识到，陆壳与洋壳之间不是孤立的，陆壳可能会演化出洋壳的结构或组分，板块的演化总是处于动态循环过程中.此研究加深了我们对中国海-西太平洋深部构造特征的整体理解，促进了我们对大陆边缘演化与板块相互作用的认识，深化了我国管辖海域及邻近地区的基础地质调查.  相似文献   

USE OF SEISMIC WAVEFORMS AND INSAR DATA FOR DETERMINATION OF THE SEISMOTECTONICS OF THE MAINLING M_S6.9 EARTHQUAKE ON NOV.18, 2017     

LIU Yun-hua  SHAN Xin-jian  ZHANG Ying-feng  ZHAO De-zheng  QU Chun-yan 《地震地质》2018,40(6):1254-1275

On November 18, 2017, a M_S6.9 earthquake struck Mainling County, Tibet, with a depth of 10km. The earthquake occurred at the eastern Himalaya syntaxis. The Namche Barwan moved northward relative to the Himalayan terrane and was subducted deeply beneath the Lhasa terrane, forming the eastern syntaxis after the collision of the Indian plate and Asian plates. Firstly, this paper uses the far and near field broadband seismic waveform for joint inversion (CAPJoint method)of the earthquake focal mechanism. Two groups of nodal planes are obtained after 1000 times Bootstrap test. The strike, dip and rake of the best solution are calculated to be 302°, 76° and 84° (the nodal plane Ⅰ)and 138°, 27° and 104° (the nodal plane Ⅱ), respectively. This event was captured by interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR)measurements from the Sentinel-1A radar satellite, which provide the opportunity to determine the fault plane, as well as the co-seismic slip distribution, and assess the seismic hazards. The overall trend of the deformation field revealed by InSAR is consistent with the GPS displacement field released by the Gan Wei-Jun's team. Geodesy (InSAR and GPS)observation of the earthquake deformation field shows the northeastern side of the epicenter uplifting and the southwestern side sinking. According to geodetic measurements and the thrust characteristics of fault deformation field, we speculate that the nodal plane Ⅰ is the true rupture plane. Secondly, based on the focal mechanism, we use InSAR data as the constraint to invert for the fine slip distribution on the fault plane. Our best model suggests that the seismogenic fault is a NW-SE striking thrust fault with a high angle. Combined with the slip distribution and aftershocks, we suggest that the earthquake is a high-angle thrust event, which is caused by the NE-dipping thrust beneath the Namche Barwa syntaxis subducted deeply beneath the Lhasa terrane.  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯地块周缘垂直形变场负位错反演与应变积累研究     

张希  刘立炜  郝明  白卓立 《大地测量与地球动力学》2019,39(6):551-556

利用鄂尔多斯地块及其周缘1970～2014年的垂直形变速率场资料，借助负位错反演研究该区域长期应变积累。结果表明，地块东北缘山西断陷带中北段年均能量积累增量、剪应力强度都较高，西南缘六盘山断裂与渭河断裂西段次之；山西断陷带中南段至晋陕交界处年均剪应力强度较高且显示一定程度的能量积累；西秦岭构造区尤其西秦岭北缘断裂西段、晋冀蒙交界区也反映一定程度的能量积累特性。  相似文献   

The recognition of former melt flux through high‐strain zones          下载免费PDF全文

Catherine A. Stuart  Sandra Piazolo  Nathan R. Daczko 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2018,36(8):1049-1069

High‐strain zones are potential pathways of melt migration through the crust. However, the identification of melt‐present high‐strain deformation is commonly limited to cases where the interpreted volume of melt “frozen” within the high‐strain zone is high (>10%). In this contribution, we examine high‐strain zones in the Pembroke Granulite, an otherwise low‐strain outcrop of volcanic arc lower crust exposed in Fiordland, New Zealand. These high‐strain zones display compositional layering, flaser‐shaped mineral grains, and closely spaced foliation planes indicative of high‐strain deformation. Asymmetric leucosome surrounding peritectic garnet grains suggest deformation was synchronous with minor amounts of in situ partial melting. High‐strain zones lack typical mylonite microstructures and instead display typical equilibrium microstructures, such as straight grain boundaries, 120° triple junctions, and subhedral grain shapes. We identify five key microstructures indicative of the former presence of melt within the high‐strain zones: (a) small dihedral angles of interstitial phases; (b) elongate interstitial grains; (c) small aggregates of quartz grains with xenomorphic plagioclase grains connected in three dimensions; (d) fine‐grained, K‐feldspar bearing, multiphase aggregates with or without augite rims; and (e) mm‐ to cm‐scale felsic dykelets. Preservation of key microstructures indicates that deformation ceased as conditions crossed the solidus, breaking the positive feedback loop between deformation and the presence of melt. We propose that microstructures indicative of the former presence of melt, such as the five identified above, may be used as a tool for recognising rocks formed during melt‐present high‐strain deformation where low (<5%) volumes of leucosome are “frozen” within the high‐strain zone.  相似文献   

联合GPS和GRACE观测研究日本M_W9.0地震震后变形机制          下载免费PDF全文

梁明  王武星  张晶 《地球物理学报》2018,61(7):2691-2704

利用GPS和GRACE观测数据研究了日本M_W9.0地震的震后变形特征.GPS观测显示，区域震后位移呈现随指数函数变化特征，变化速率符合大森公式的衰减特性；近五年的震后水平位移累积已达到东向60~165 cm，南向20~65 cm的量值，距震中较远站点已超过同震变化量，且震后变形仍然持续.GRACE观测到显著的震后重力变化，地震破裂两侧的重力变化总体均呈上升趋势，但海洋侧的变化速率较快.联合震后余滑和黏弹性位错理论对震后变形进行了模拟，探索了GPS和GRACE观测的综合应用方法.研究发现，综合考虑震后余滑和黏滞性松弛效应可以对日本地震的震后变形做出较合理的解释，震后初期余滑起主要作用，1至2年以后逐渐减弱，黏滞性松弛作用逐渐增强.在震后变形模拟和区域黏滞性结构反演中形成GPS和GRACE观测结合应用的方法，先基于震后GPS形变估算区域黏滞性结构，而后利用GRACE观测修正深部的黏滞系数，并综合利用这两种观测微调浅层黏滞系数，最终确定区域黏滞性结构.基于该方法反演了日本震源区的地幔黏滞性结构，地震断层破裂两侧的流变参数存在差异，大陆侧的地幔顶层黏滞系数在1.0×10¹⁹ Pa·s量级，而海洋侧的则略小于大陆的，在6.0×10¹⁸ Pa·s量级.  相似文献   

THREE-DIMENSIONAL DEFORMATION CHARACTERISTICS OF THE XIANSHUIHE FAULT ZONE     

ZHAO Jing  REN Jin-wei  JIANG Zai-sen  Yue Chong 《地震地质》2018,40(4):818-831

In order to analyze 3-dimensional movement and deformation characteristics and seismic risk of the Xianshuihe fault zone, we inverted for dynamic fault locking and slip deficit rate of the fault using the GPS horizontal velocity field of 1999-2007 and 2013-2017 in Sichuan-Yunnan region, and calculated annual vertical change rate to analyze the vertical deformation characteristics of the fault using the cross-fault leveling data during 1980-2017 locating on the Xianshuihe fault. The GPS inversion results indicate that in 1999-2007, the southeastern segment of the fault is tightly locked, the middle segment is less locked, and the northwestern segment is basically in creeping state. In 2013-2017, the southeastern segment of the fault is obviously weekly locked, in which only a patch between Daofu-Bamei is locked, and the northwestern segment is still mostly in creeping state, in which only a patch at southeastern Luhuo is slightly locked from surface to 10km depth. The cross-fault leveling data show that annual vertical change rate of the Zhuwo, Gelou, Xuxu and Goupu sites on the northwestern segment is larger, which means vertical movement is relatively active, and annual vertical change rate of the Longdengba, Laoqianning, and Zheduotang sites on the southeastern segment is small, which means the fault is locked, and the vertical movement changes little before and after the Wenchuan earthquake. Combining with the 3-dimensional movement and deformation, seismic activity and Coulomb stress on the Xianshuihe Fault, we consider the seismic risk of the southeastern segment is larger, and the Wenchuan earthquake reduced the far-field sinistral movement and the fault slip deficit rate, which may reduce the stress and strain accumulation rate and relieve the seismic risk of the southeastern segment.  相似文献   

利用近场高频GPS、 强地面运动和远场地震波形数据联合反演2008年汶川M_S8.0地震的震源时空破裂过程     

孟国杰  苏小宁  王振  廖华 《地震》2018,38(2):11-27

联合近场GPS测站1-Hz运动学位移、 强震仪加速度波形和全球台站P震相波形作为约束, 以时空滑动分布约束条件和ABIC模型参数选择方法, 结合先验的滑动方向变化范围, 反演2008年汶川M_S8.0地震的震源时空破裂过程, 给出了能够综合反映震源破裂过程的统一模型。 结果表明, 汶川地震总体上存在4个主要的破裂区, 最主要的一个破裂区位于震源东北40~120 km, 断层面上的最大位错量约为10 m, 主体滑动分布在2~20 km深度范围, 破裂达到地表; 第二个主体破裂区位于断层破裂带南段, 最大滑动量达到6 m; 另外2个主体滑动区位于断层破裂带北段, 但滑动破裂量小于断层南段破裂区的滑动量, 滑动破裂值最大值为4 m, 超过1 m的区域在走向上超过70 km。 反演得到的断层滑动模型的地震矩为9.5×10²¹ Nm, 相应的矩震级为M_W7.95。 汶川地震破裂表现为单侧破裂, 起始破裂在汶川下方16 km深度, 向东北方向一致性地传播, 过程持续~120 s。 在地震发生后0~10 s内, 破裂集中在震源起始破裂区, 滑动破裂值为~1.0 m, 之后破裂向东北方向扩展, 震后20~40 s是主要的破裂时段。 在40~60 s, 破裂跨越断层南段和北段。 在80~90 s破裂最大值开始下降, 在100~110 s时, 下降为~0.5 m, 在110~120 s时, 下降为~0.1 m。 加入近场GPS测站1-Hz 波形数据与近场强震仪波形和远场长周期体波联合反演, 提高了震源破裂模型的空间分辨率, 特别是浅部滑动破裂区的分辨率, 反演的最大滑动破裂值比不用1-Hz 波形数据反演的结果增大, 表明近场1-Hz GPS波形数据对于揭示汶川地震的时空破裂过程具有重要的作用。  相似文献   

沿107.6°E南北向剖面鄂尔多斯地块及周缘地区地壳结构          下载免费PDF全文

陈洁  陈永顺  郭震  杨挺 《地球物理学报》2020,63(7):2592-2604

鄂尔多斯地块紧邻青藏高原东北缘,位于华北克拉通的西部,在我国中生代、新生代以来东部地区的构造活动中起到了重要作用.对鄂尔多斯及其周缘地区的研究可以提供有关华北克拉通的形成、演化和破坏过程的重要信息.本文选取了纵贯鄂尔多斯的107.6°E附近南北剖面上的44个流动地震台站进行分析,采用接收函数方法,进行Kirchhoff偏移成像,并且结合在该区域内前人的地震面波频散进行联合反演,获得剖面下方的地壳内部精细结构.研究结果显示:(1)莫霍面在鄂尔多斯北部较平缓,约45km深;在鄂尔多斯南部有所加深,达到50km;其北边的河套盆地的地壳厚度约为50km;南边的渭河盆地到秦岭地区及四川盆地的地壳厚度从约为40km增厚到47～50km.(2)河套盆地下方存在大规模的低速异常,最深可达25km,反映了其显著的拉张构造和沉积历史.(3)秦岭造山带下方的低速异常对应于其主要为长英质的地壳组分,可能是由于中生代的拆沉作用导致的地壳下部基性岩石层的缺失.(4)以38°N为界的鄂尔多斯地块,南北部地壳速度结构存在差异,可能表明了这两部分经历的构造历史不同.  相似文献   

地震作用下深埋隧道围岩形变的数值模拟研究          下载免费PDF全文

吕燕霞  扶海鹰  郁章剑 《地震工程学报》2020,42(1):215-220

隧道围岩受地震荷载作用影响产生开裂变形,给交通、安全与经济带来极大影响,为提升隧道安全稳定性能,以某市隧道为对象,研究地震作用下深埋隧道围岩形变的数值模拟。综合考虑地震动作用与地震波扩散特性,利用FLAC软件构建三维动力模型;通过边界设置解决地震波反射问题,基于物理力学参数与地震荷载条件,通过相对变形法研究地震条件下深埋隧道围岩变形特性、能量聚集特性与安全性能。研究结果显示:深埋隧道围岩受地震荷载作用影响,形成挤让、椭圆化的变形走向;变形达到最高值时,应变能量密度高于2350 J/m^3的区域集中在隧道Ⅰ洞左侧围岩边墙和中夹岩柱上;各监测点安全系数呈非对称性,隧道右侧下角区域安全系数低于国家相关标准,计算结果与实际测量结果一致。  相似文献   

东南印度洋中脊澳大利亚-南极洲不整合带地区岩浆供应与构造作用沿洋脊的变化     

刘守金  林间  周志远  张帆 《海洋学报(英文版)》2020,39(1):118-129

We analyzed seafloor morphology and geophysical anomalies of the Southeast Indian Ridge(SEIR) to reveal the remarkable changes in magma supply along this intermediate fast-spreading ridge. We found systematic differences of the Australian-Antarctic Discordance(AAD) from adjacent ridge segments with the residual mantle Bouguer gravity anomaly(RMBA) being more positive, seafloor being deeper, morphology being more chaotic, M factors being smaller at the AAD. These systematic anomalies, as well as the observed Na_(8.0) being greater and Fe_(8.0) being smaller at AAD, suggest relatively starved magma supply and relatively thin crust within the AAD.Comparing to the adjacent ridges segments, the calculated average map-view M factors are relatively small for the AAD, where several Oceanic Core Complexes(OCCs) develop. Close to 30 OCCs were found to be distributed asymmetrically along the SEIR with 60% of OCCs at the northern flank. The OCCs are concentrated mainly in Segments B3 and B4 within the AAD at ～124°–126°E, as well as at the eastern end of Zone C at ～115°E. The relatively small map-view M factors within the AAD indicate stronger tectonism than the adjacent SEIR segments.The interaction between the westward migrating Pacific mantle and the relatively cold mantle beneath the AAD may have caused a reduction in magma supply, leading to the development of abundant OCCs.  相似文献